<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_32802</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">桂陽州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">桂阳州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Guiyang Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>直隶州</name>    <alternate-name>直隸州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhi li zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">independent prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>1732</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>1911</end>    <end-rule>6</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>25.74197</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.72593</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30161" from="1732" to="1911" >        <parent-name>湖南省</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Hunan Sheng</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>1</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>0.0000</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='right'>404760</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec'>{main}(  )</td><td title='C:\wamp64\www\tgaz\api\tgaz.php' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>...\tgaz.php<b>:</b>0</td></tr>
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>桂阳直隶州（1732-1911年）治所和界线<br><br>清雍正十年九月乙未（1732.10.29）升桂阳州置，⑴治所即今湖南桂阳县驻地城关镇。属湖南省。领临武、蓝山、嘉禾3县。至清末未变。⑵<br><br>光绪《湖南通志》卷八《疆域》：“桂阳州在布政司东南六百三十里。东至郴州界三十里，西至永州府江华县界百九十七里，南至广东连州界百八十里，北至衡州府耒阳县界七十里，东南至郴州宜章县治百五十里，西南至永州府新田县界八十里，东北至郴州永兴县界六十里，西北至衡州府常宁县界百里。”（曾国荃等撰，台湾华文书局影印本，第1册，438页）<br><br>东界：<br>即郴州西界。南起湖南、广东间省界，向北，为今临武、宜章间县界，参照水系走向，大致相同。郴县与桂阳县之间界线，《大清帝国全图》湖南省幅郴县南部的“良田”西侧，界线较内弯，疑是表达错误，因光绪《湖南通志》郴州图无此内弯。因可作参考的地名太少，暂作古今相同。向北接今永兴县与桂阳县界。参照光绪《湖南通志》永兴县图水系走向，又据光绪《湖南通志》桂阳州图东北有陈家湾、上江，《湖南省普通地图集》桂阳县东北有陈家湾、上岗，相对位置同，古今界线基本相同。<br><br>南界：<br>为今临武县与广东连阳县界。光绪《湖南通志》临武县图南侧有土桥汛、板栗头、小黄洞等地名，与《湖南省普通地图集》临武县幅之下板栗、土桥地名，与《湖南省地图册》临武县小王洞地名相对位置相同。古今界线同。又西为蓝山县与广东连县界。《大清帝国全图》湖南省幅桂阳州南部有毛俊水、钟水，《湖南省普通地图集》兰山县幅，此两水亦全部在境内。光绪《湖南通志》蓝山县图南部有大桥司、荆竹等地名，《湖南省普通地图集》兰山县南部有大桥、荆竹等地名，相对位置同，且界线基本是沿山脉走向而形成，因此，当是与《湖南省普通地图集》兰山县界线相近，与《湖南省地图册》蓝山县南界有区别。<br><br>西界：<br>为蓝山县与江华、宁远县界，《大清帝国全图》是沿钟水西侧九疑山脉为界，今同。向北，为嘉禾、桂阳县与宁远、新田县界，基本是以钟水以西山脉为界。光绪《湖南通志》嘉禾县图有店弯，《湖南省普通地图集》嘉禾县北有潭湾，方位一致，古今界线当同。光绪《湖南通志》桂阳州图西界有芹溪河市，《湖南省地图册》有芹溪胡家；桂阳州图有四里坪、排泉墟，《湖南省普通地图集》桂阳县西界有四里坪、排泉圩，两者方位一致，当是古今同界。<br><br>北界：<br>为桂阳州与衡州府常宁县之间界线。基本同今常宁县与桂阳县之间界线。《大清帝国全图》湖南省常宁县有白沙，《湖南省普通地图集》亦有，相对位置一致。光绪《湖南通志》桂阳州图北界有陈家湾、湖溪桥、小阳泉，《湖南省普通地图集》桂阳县北界有陈家湾、湖溪桥、小洋泉等地名，相对位置同。光绪《湖南通志》常宁县图南界有白沙市、庙前、弥勒铺，《湖南省普通地图集》常宁县南界有白沙圩、庙前圩、弥勒铺，相对位置也相同。因此，界线当古今相同。<br><br><br><br>⑴《世宗实录》卷123：雍正十年九月乙未，“改湖南衡州府属桂阳州为直隶桂阳州，管辖临武、蓝山、嘉禾三县。从湖南巡抚赵弘恩请也。”（中华书局，《清实录》，第8册，第620页上）<br>⑵《职官录》（清宣统三年冬季）湖南省；台湾文海出版社有限公司《近代中国史料丛刊》影印本，第1141页。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>