<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_32875</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">武陵郡</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">武陵郡</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Wuling Jun</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>郡</name>    <alternate-name>郡</alternate-name>    <transcription>jun</transcription>    <translation lang="en">commandery</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>47</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>588</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>29.03481</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>111.69130</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113654" from="47" to="187" >        <parent-name>东汉</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Donghan</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30252" from="188" to="189" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30253" from="190" to="208" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30254" from="209" to="218" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30255" from="219" to="311" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30256" from="312" to="312" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30257" from="313" to="314" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30258" from="315" to="317" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30259" from="318" to="321" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30260" from="322" to="328" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30261" from="329" to="329" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30262" from="330" to="344" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30263" from="345" to="351" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30264" from="352" to="376" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30265" from="377" to="385" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30266" from="386" to="453" >        <parent-name>荆州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Jing Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30268" from="454" to="549" >        <parent-name>郢州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Ying Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30269" from="550" to="574" >        <parent-name>武州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Wu Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_30270" from="575" to="588" >        <parent-name>沅州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Yuan Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>武陵郡（公元47-588年）治所<br><br>约东汉建武二十三年（公元47年）迁治临沅县（在今湖南常德市区）。⑴建武二十六年（公元50年）增领沅南县。⑵约章帝前增领作唐县。⑶约章帝建初四年（公元79年），佷山县往属江陵国，北部辖境缩小。隋开皇九年（589年）平陈废。⑷<br><br>⑴《续汉书·郡国志》武陵郡无义陵县（《后汉书》，北京，中华书局，12册，3484页），且武陵郡治临沅县。据此，当是东汉初县废，郡迁治所。<br>《后汉书》卷86《南蛮西南夷列传第七十六》：“光武中兴，武陵蛮夷特盛。建武二十三年，精夫相单程等据其险隘，大寇郡县。遣武威将军刘尚发南郡、长沙、武陵兵万余人，乘船溯沅水入武溪击之。沅水出牂柯故且兰东北，经辰州、潭州、岳州，经洞庭湖入江也。尚轻敌入险，山深水疾，舟船不得上。蛮氏知尚粮少入远，又不晓道径，遂屯聚守险。尚食尽引还，蛮缘路徼战，尚军大败，悉为所没。二十四年，相单程等下攻临沅，遣谒者李嵩、中山太守马成击之，不能克。明年春，遣伏波将军马援、中郎将刘匡、马武、孙永等，将兵至临沅，击破之。单程等饥困乞降，会援病卒，谒者宗均听悉受降。为置吏司，群蛮遂平。”（北京，中华书局，10册，2831页）<br>李晓杰，《东汉政区地理》：“由此逆推，除去新置之作唐，并将别属之佷山还之武陵，再较以《汉志》武陵郡所领之十三县，即可知无阳、义陵二县已不见于《续汉志》，该二县当在东汉初期省并。”<br>按：据上引资料，暂作建武二十三年（公元47年）废义陵县，迁治临沅县。<br>《续汉书·郡国志》中武陵郡首县为临沅县（《后汉书》，北京，中华书局，12册，3484页）。<br>⑵《续汉书·郡国志》：“沅南，建武二十六年置。”（《后汉书》，北京，中华书局，12册，3484页）<br>⑶李晓杰，《东汉政区地理》：“《续汉志》武陵郡又有作唐县，《汉志》不载此县，当是东汉新置。《水经·澧水注》云：‘作唐县，后汉分孱陵县置。’该县设置之确年，史籍失载。《后汉书·南蛮传》云：‘（章帝建初三年冬），溇中蛮儿健等复反，攻烧零阳、作唐、孱陵界中。’然则至迟在是年以前已置作唐县矣。”（山东教育出版社，211页）<br>按：因无具体年份可考，暂作明帝永平元年（公元58年）置。<br>⑷《隋书》卷31《地理下》：“武陵郡，梁置武州，后改曰沅州。平陈，为朗州。”（北京，中华书局，3册，890页）</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>