<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_34172</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">潮州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">潮州</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Chao Zhou</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>州</name>    <alternate-name>州</alternate-name>    <transcription>zhou</transcription>    <translation lang="en">prefecture</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>591</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>606</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>23.66771</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>116.63666</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113617" from="591" to="606" >        <parent-name>隋</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Sui</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      <html><body>潮州（591-606年）治所<br><br>隋开皇十一年（591年）以循州义安县析置，并改义安为海阳（1）。领海阳，绥安，海宁，义招，潮阳，程乡等县。郡治海阳县，治所即今广东省潮州市。辖境相当今广东省潮阳市，汕头市，澄海县，饶平县，潮阳县，揭阳县，大埔县，丰顺县，梅州市，梅县，蕉岭县，惠来县，平远县，南澳县和揭西县（五云以西地区除外），普宁县（船埔镇以西地区除外）以及福建省诏安、云霄二县境域（2）。开皇十二年（592年），析绥安县属建安郡龙溪县，境域缩小。大业三年（607年）改为义安郡（3）。<br><br>————————————————————<br>（1），《隋书》卷31?地理下?义安郡：“梁置东扬州，后改曰瀛州，及陈州废。平陈，置潮州。统县五：海阳，旧置义安郡，平陈郡废，大业初置郡；程乡；潮阳；海宁；万川，旧曰义招，大业初改名。”（北京，中华书局，1973年，3册，881页）。<br>《元和郡县图志》卷34?岭南道?潮州：“隋开皇十年罢郡省海阳县，仍于郡廨置义安县，以属循州。十一年，于义安县立潮州，以潮流往复，因以为名。大业三年罢州为义安郡，武德四年复为潮州。”“管县三：海阳、潮阳、程乡。”海阳县：“郭下。本汉揭阳县地，晋于此立海阳县，属义安郡。隋开皇十年省郡，废海阳入循州，十一年置潮州，又立海阳县以属焉。”（北京，中华书局，下册，894-895页）。<br>（2），据所领县治故址，并参考宣统元年《广东舆地全图》，辖境相当今广东省潮阳市，汕头市，澄海县，饶平县，潮阳县，揭阳县，大埔县，丰顺县，梅州市，梅县，蕉岭县，惠来县，平远县，南澳县和揭西县（五云以西地区除外），普宁县（船埔镇以西地区除外）以及福建省诏安、云霄二县境域。<br>（3），《隋书》卷31?地理下?义安郡：“梁置东扬州，后改曰瀛州，及陈州废。平陈，置潮州。统县五：海阳，旧置义安郡，平陈郡废，大业初置郡；程乡；潮阳；海宁；万川，旧曰义招，大业初改名。”（北京，中华书局，1973年，3册，881页）。</body></html>    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>