<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_70452</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">涼興縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">凉兴县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Liangxing Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>408</begin>    <begin-rule>3</begin-rule>    <end>569</end>    <end-rule>2</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>40.52634</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>95.64163</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location>    </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113349" from="408" to="429" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113352" from="408" to="439" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113353" from="408" to="421" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113352" from="408" to="489" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113352" from="422" to="568" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113352" from="430" to="568" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113352" from="440" to="568" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_113351" from="490" to="568" >        <parent-name>凉州</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Liang Zhou</transcribed-name>      </part-of>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115092" from="569" to="569" >        <parent-name>常乐郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Changle Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      凉兴县（408—569年）

西凉408年，置凉兴县，①治所在今甘肃省瓜州县西。②
后周569年，并涼兴、大至、冥安、闰泉，合为涼兴县，属常乐郡，③治所在今甘肃瓜州县东。④

注：
① 《旧唐书》卷四十?地理三：“常乐，汉广至县，属敦煌郡。魏分广至置宜禾县。李暠于此置凉兴郡。隋废，置常乐镇。武德五年，改镇为县。”（北京：中华书局，1975年，第1643页。）引者按，李暠置凉兴郡，故很有肯能郡治所在地为凉兴县，置县及置郡时间不详，姑取李暠统治时段中点408年。
② 《中国历史地名辞典》：“凉兴县，十六国北凉置，治所在今甘肃安西县东。隋开皇四年（584年）改名常乐县，移治今安西县东南锁阳城。”（南昌：江西教育出版社，1988年，第744页。）
③ 《隋书》卷二十九?地理上：“常乐，后魏置常乐郡。后周并凉兴、大至、冥安、闰泉，合为凉兴县。开皇初郡废，改县为常乐。有关官。”（北京：中华书局，1973年，第816页。）引者按，后周并县时间不详，姑取后周时段中点569年。
④ 《中国历史地名辞典》：“凉兴县，十六国北凉置，治所在今甘肃安西县东。”（南昌：江西教育出版社，1989年，第743页。）    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>