<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_82440</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">西成皋縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">西成皋县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Xichenggao Xia</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>535</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>555</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>34.85168</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>113.19087</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_FD</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_115110" from="535" to="555" >        <parent-name>成皋郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Chenggao Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>1</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>0.0001</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='right'>404760</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec'>{main}(  )</td><td title='C:\wamp64\www\tgaz\api\tgaz.php' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>...\tgaz.php<b>:</b>0</td></tr>
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>1</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='center'>0.0001</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec' align='right'>404760</td><td bgcolor='#eeeeec'>{main}(  )</td><td title='C:\wamp64\www\tgaz\api\tgaz.php' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>...\tgaz.php<b>:</b>0</td></tr>
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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<tr><th align='center' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>#</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Time</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Memory</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Function</th><th align='left' bgcolor='#eeeeec'>Location</th></tr>
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      西成皋县             535--555年          今河南荥阳西北虎牢关
东魏天平二年（535年）改名西成皋，为成皋郡治（1），北齐天保七年（556年）仍称成皋，属成皋郡（2），治今河南荥阳西北虎牢关（3）。

注：
（1）《魏书》卷106《地形志中》荥阳郡、成皋郡。（北京，中华书局，1974年，7册，2537页）
（2）《隋书》卷30《地理志中》荥阳郡，旧郑州，开皇十六年置管州，大业初复曰郑州。荥阳县，旧置荥阳郡。后齐省卷、京二县入，改曰成皋郡，开皇初郡废。汜水县，旧曰成皋，东魏置北豫州，后周置荥州，开皇初曰郑州，十八年改成皋曰汜水。（北京，中华书局，1973年，3册，835-6页）《元和郡县志》卷8《河南道四》：郑州，东魏孝静帝分荥阳置成皋郡，高齐文宣帝又改为荥阳郡，周改为荥州，隋开皇三年改荥州为郑州。（北京，中华书局，1983年，上册，202页）《太平寰宇记》卷52《河北道一》：孟州汜水县，孝静帝天平元年，置北豫州并成皋郡，高齐天保七年省北豫州。（金陵书局，清光绪八年刊本）王仲荦《北周地理志》卷7《河南上》云：东魏分荥阳郡置成皋郡，治西成皋，北齐废荥阳之荥阳郡，而移成皋郡治荥阳，据《隋志》言之，盖废荥阳之荥阳郡，而移成皋郡治荥阳。成皋县下又云，荥州治，旧置成皋县及西成皋县，北齐废成皋县，而改西成皋曰成皋。按魏西成皋为北豫州治所，有成皋城，即虎牢关城，是成皋废入西成皋而西成皋去西字。（北京，中华书局，1980年，下册，636-9页）据上，疑东魏以成皋为西成皋，北豫州、成皋郡并治此，而北齐天保七年省北豫州，则改西成皋为成皋，废荥阳之荥阳郡，又移成皋郡于荥阳，当也在此年。
（3）《水经注疏》卷5《河水》：河水又东，迳成皋大伾山下，成皋县之故城在伾上；然则虎牢之名，自此始也；秦以为关，汉乃县之。（南京，江苏古籍出版社，1989年，上册，395-8页）《清嘉庆一统志》卷187《开封府二?古迹》：成皋故城，在汜水县西北，旧志成皋故城，在县西大伾上。（商务印书馆，1934年，《四部丛刊续编》69册）按：隋改成皋为汜水，1948年与广武县合并，设立成皋县，1954年撤消成皋县并入荥阳县，唐开元以前故址即今荥阳西北虎牢关。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>