<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><placename>  <system>China Historical GIS, Harvard University and Fudan University</system>  <license>CC BY-NC 4.0</license>  <uri>http://47.114.119.106/tgaz/placename/hvd_82751</uri> <spellings>    <spelling>      <written-form script="traditional Chinese">棘陽縣</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <written-form script="simplified Chinese">棘阳县</written-form>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>    <spelling>      <transcription system="Pinyin">Jiyang Xian</transcription>      <exonym-lang></exonym-lang>      <attested-by></attested-by>      <note></note>    </spelling>  </spellings>  <feature-type>    <name>县</name>    <alternate-name>縣</alternate-name>    <transcription>xian</transcription>    <translation lang="en">county</translation>  </feature-type>  <temporal>    <begin>566</begin>    <begin-rule>4</begin-rule>    <end>582</end>    <end-rule>4</end-rule>  </temporal>  <spatial>    <object-type>POINT</object-type>    <xy-type>point</xy-type>    <latitude-direction>N</latitude-direction>    <degrees-latitude>32.52487</degrees-latitude>    <longitude-direction>E</longitude-direction>    <degrees-longitude>112.35843</degrees-longitude>    <geo-source>FROM_AC</geo-source>    <present-location><br />
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     </present-location>  </spatial>  <historical-context>    <part-of-relationships>      <part-of parent-id="hvd_116005" from="566" to="582" >        <parent-name>新野郡</parent-name>        <transcribed-name>Xinye Jun</transcribed-name>      </part-of>    </part-of-relationships>    <subordinate-units><br />
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      <subordinate-unit sys-id="" from="" to="" ><br />
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        <name></name><br />
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        <transcribed-name></transcribed-name>      </subordinate-unit>    </subordinate-units>  </historical-context>  <data-source>CHGIS</data-source>  <source-note>    <![CDATA[      棘阳县            约566—582年                今河南新野
约北周天和元年（566年）改新野为棘阳，属新野郡，隋开皇三年（583年）复名新野（1）。治今河南新野（2）。

注：
（1）《隋书》卷30《地理志中》：南阳郡，旧置荆州，开皇初，改为邓州；新野，旧曰棘阳，置新野郡。开皇初更名新野。（北京，中华书局，1973年，3册，841页）王仲荦《北周地理志》卷5《山南下》：新野郡，棘阳，旧曰新野，北周改曰棘阳。（北京，中华书局，1980年，上册，414页）《周书》卷5《武帝纪》天和二年（567年）省东南诸州。（北京，中华书局，1971年，1册，74页）今姑作此年省改。
    （2）《水经注疏》卷31《淯水》：淯水又南入新野县。枝津分派，东南出，隰衍苞注，左积为陂，东西九里，南北一十五里，陂水所溉，咸为良沃；淯水又南与湍水会。；又南迳新野县故城西。（南京，江苏古籍出版社，1989年，下册，2611-2页）嘉靖《邓州志》卷9《创设志?城池》：新野县治，在城西南隅，历代旧址。（上海古籍书店，《天一阁藏明代方志选刊》，48册）清乾隆《新野县志》卷2《建置志?城池》：自汉置县，初无城池，东汉刘备屯兵，始筑土城，南齐增筑外城，历代修浚未详，明天顺五年重修。（《中国方志丛书》华北地方479号，成文出版社有限公司，1册，110页）1991《新野县志》略同（第一卷第四章县城。（河南郑州，中州古籍出版社，64页）按：湍水，今湍河；淯水，今白河。（《水经注通检今释》，复旦大学出版社，1983年，79、83页）今新野正在湍河、白河汇合处以南、白河东岸，与《水经注》及历代州县志记载相合，则新野治所历代未变。    ]]>  </source-note>  <source-uri>      </source-uri></placename>